متابعة ورد القرآن الكريم

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تفسير: الحمد لله رب العالمين


تفسير القرآن الكريم



تفسير: الحمد لله رب العالمين


الآية: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ .
السورة ورقم الآية: سورة الفاتحة 2.
معالم التنزيل في تفسير القرآن للبغوي: قَوْلُهُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ لَفْظُهُ خَبَرٌ كَأَنَّهُ يُخْبِرُ أَنَّ الْمُسْتَحِقَّ لِلْحَمْدِ هُوَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَفِيهِ تَعْلِيمُ الْخَلْقِ، تَقْدِيرَهُ: قُولُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ يَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى الشُّكْرِ عَلَى النِّعْمَةِ وَيَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى الثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْخِصَالِ الْحَمِيدَةِ، يُقَالُ حَمِدْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى ما أسدى إليّ من نعمة، وَحَمِدْتُهُ عَلَى عِلْمِهِ وَشَجَاعَتِهِ، وَالشُّكْرُ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا عَلَى النِّعْمَةِ، والحمد أَعَمُّ مِنَ الشُّكْرِ إِذْ لَا يُقَالُ: شَكَرْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى عِلْمِهِ، فَكُلُّ حَامِدٍ شَاكِرٌ وَلَيْسَ كُلُّ شَاكِرٍ حَامِدًا، وَقِيلَ: الْحَمْدُ بِاللِّسَانِ قَوْلًا وَالشُّكْرُ بِالْأَرْكَانِ فِعْلًا، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَداً الْإِسْرَاءِ: 111، وَقَالَ: اعْمَلُوا آلَ دَاوُودَ شُكْرًا سبأ: 13، يعني: اعملوا الأعمال لأجل الشكر، فشكرا مفعولا له وانتصب باعملوا. قَوْلُهُ: لِلَّهِ اللَّامُ فِيهِ لِلِاسْتِحْقَاقِ كَمَا يُقَالُ الدَّارُ لِزَيْدٍ قَوْلُهُ: رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، فَالرَّبُّ يَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى الْمَالِكِ كَمَا يُقَالُ لِمَالِكِ الدَّارِ: رَبُّ الدَّارِ، وَيُقَالُ: رَبُّ الشَّيْءِ إِذَا مَلَكَهُ، وَيَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى التَّرْبِيَةِ وَالْإِصْلَاحِ يُقَالُ: رَبَّ فلان الصنعة يَرُبُّهَا إِذَا أَتَمَّهَا وَأَصْلَحَهَا، فَهُوَ رَبٌّ مِثْلَ طَبَّ وَبَرَّ، فَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَالِكُ الْعَالَمِينَ وَمُرَبِّيهِمْ، وَلَا يُقَالُ لِلْمَخْلُوقِ: هُوَ الرَّبُّ مُعَرَّفًا، إِنَّمَا يُقَالُ: رَبُّ كَذَا مُضَافًا، لِأَنَّ الْأَلِفَ وَاللَّامَ لِلتَّعْمِيمِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَمْلِكُ الْكُلَّ، وَالْعَالَمِينَ: جَمْعُ عالم والعالم جَمْعٌ لَا وَاحِدَ لَهُ مِنْ لفظه، واختلفوا في العالمين.قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُمُ الْجِنُّ والإنس، لأنهم مكلفون بِالْخِطَابِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: لِيَكُونَ لِلْعالَمِينَ نَذِيراً الْفُرْقَانِ: 1: وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ ومجاهد والحسن: جميع المخلوقين، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَمَا رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ قَالَ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا الشعراء: 23، 24، وَاشْتِقَاقُهُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ وَالْعَلَامَةِ، سُمُّوا بِهِ لِظُهُورِ أَثَرِ الصَّنْعَةِ فِيهِمْ، قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: هُمْ أَرْبَعُ أُمَمٍ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ وَالشَّيَاطِينُ، مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ، وَلَا يُقَالُ للبهائم: عالم لأنها لا تعلم و لَا تَعْقِلُ.وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَبْلَغِهِمْ، قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: لِلَّهِ أَلْفُ عَالَمٍ سِتُّمِائَةٍ فِي الْبَحْرِ وَأَرْبَعُمِائَةٍ فِي الْبَرِّ، وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: لِلَّهِ ثَمَانُونَ أَلْفَ عَالَمٍ، أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا فِي الْبَحْرِ وَأَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا فِي الْبَرِّ، وَقَالَ وَهْبٌ: لِلَّهِ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ عَالَمٍ، الدُّنْيَا عَالَمٌ مِنْهَا وَمَا الْعُمْرَانُ فِي الْخَرَابِ إِلَّا كَفُسْطَاطٍ فِي صَحْرَاءَ، وَقَالَ كَعْبُ الْأَحْبَارِ: ولا يُحْصِي عَدَدَ الْعَالَمِينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا الله، قال: وَما يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ المدثر: 31.


الوجيز في تفسير الكتاب العزيز للواحدي: الحمدُ لله هو الثَّناء لله والشُّكرُ له بإنعامه ربِّ العالمين : مالك المخلوقات كلها.

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